2016年山大考研英语翻译每日一练（1）：

1.The Qingming Festival, the traditional tomb-sweeping day, falls on April 4-6 each year. It isa time for remembering loved ones who departed. People visit their ancestors’ graves to sweepaway the dirt. A well-known poem by the Tang Dynasty Du Mu tells of a sad scene in earlyApril: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passers-by with lowered spirits go.” Incontrast to the sadness of the tomb-sweeping, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day.The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become greenand nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Springouting. At this time tourists are everywhere. Today, the Qingming Festival is a statutory publicholiday in mainland China.

参考答案：

每年4月4日到6日左右的清明节是传统的扫墓的日子。在这一天，人们祭悼去世的亲人，到先人的坟头上扫墓。唐朝著名诗人杜牧有一首著名的诗，描述了四月 初令人伤感的一幕场景：“清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。”与清明节扫墓的悲哀相反，人们在这个日子怀揣着春的希望。清明时节，阳光明媚，树木和小草吐 绿，大自然生机盎然。从古代起，人们就去春游。清明时节，游客遍地。如今，清明节是中国大陆的法定假日。

2.We are also keenly aware that there are still quite afew shortcomings in the government's work.Self-reform and transfromation of government arebehind schedule,there are still too many itemsrequiring administrative approval,and socialmanagement and public services are inadequate.Theresponsibilities of some departments are not clearly defined,making effective coordinationdifficult;some management practices are backward;and productivity is low.Some problemsaffecting the vital interests of the people have still not been fundamentally solved.Somegovernment employees are not conscientious enough about performing their duties inaccordance with the law.The problems of formalism,bureaucracy,dishonesty,extravaganceand waste are relatively severe.Corruption is serious in some localities,departments andorganizations.

参考答案：

主要是：就业压力巨 大;经济结构不合理，产业技术水平低，第三产业发展滞后;投资率持续偏高，消费率偏低;经济增长方式粗放，资源约束和环境压力加大。特别是制约经济社会健 康发展的体制性机制性问题仍很突出。我们也清醒地看到，政府工作还存在不少的缺点。政府自身改革和职能转变滞后，行政审批事项仍然过多，社会管理和公共服 务的职能比较薄弱。一些部门之间职责不清、协调不力、管理方式落后、办事效率不高。有些关系群众利益的问题还没有得到根本解决。有些政府工作人员依法行政 的观念不强，形式主义、官僚主义、弄虚作假和奢侈浪费的问题比较突出。腐败现象在一些地方、部门和单位比较严重。

3.China has a wide variety of food, and eatingcustoms on festivals are also colorful. The SpringFestival is a traditional festival in China, and  peopleusually begin to bustle on New Year's Eve, theevening before the Spring Festival. On that day,every family will have a hearty reunion dinner. In order to predict a surplus for the comingyear, some ethnic groups have adopted the custom of eating fish on the first day of lunarJanuary, because the sound of Chinese character for “fish” is the same with that of “surplus”.Besides, the important custom of the Dragon Boat Festival is eating rice dumplings, so ricedumplings are turning better and better and the variety of them is becoming more and morediverse. In China, eating moon cakes is the most typical custom on the Mid-Autumn Festival.On the 15th day of lunar August, people like to get together and have a family reunion,drinking, appreciating the full moon and eating moon cakes which is a tradition of a long history.

参考答案：

我国食品种类繁多，节日食俗也丰富多彩。春节(the SpringFestival)是我国的传统节日，人们通常从它的前夜—除夕就开始张罗了。除夕那天，家家户户都要吃很丰盛的年夜饭。因为“鱼”和“有余”的“余”读者相同，为了预示新年节庆有余，有些民族初一有吃鱼的习俗。端午节(the Dragon BoatFestival)的重要食俗就是吃粽子(rice dumpling)。粽子越做越好，品种也越做越多。在中国，吃月饼是中秋节(the Mid-Autumn Festival)最具典型意义的食俗了。农历八月十五这一 天，人们都喜欢合家团聚，边饮酒赏月，边吃月饼。中秋吃月饼的习俗已有悠久的历史。